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Comparative Design and Analysis of a Mosque Using Steel and Reinforced Concrete
By
Author
Presented To
Department of Civil Engineering
ABSTRACT
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been applying the Shari`ah of Islam, acting in accordance with the
Holy Qur’an and Sunnah, and making judgments based on Allah’s Shari`ah. It also strives to propagate
and call people to Islam with wisdom and fair preaching.
This is the essential cornerstone of its system, duties, and obligations, to which it pays due attention.
The Basic Law of Saudi Arabia provides for deriving power from the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah, which
rule over this Law and all other laws of the Kingdom.
It also stipulates that the Kingdom should protect the Islamic creed, apply the Shari`ah, enjoin good,
forbid evil, and call people to Allah.
The Sectors of Islamic Affairs, Da`wah, Guidance, and Endowments have been among the outstanding
pillars and essential parts of the Kingdom. Since the foundations of the kingdom were laid by King
`Abdul `Aziz Al Saud and his sons after him, the Kingdom has established, sponsored, supported, and
developed large organizations for this purpose, flourishing in the era of the Custodian of the Two Holy
Mosques, his Crown Prince, and his Second Deputy Prime Minister.
Subsequently wherever the Muslim’s have gone, they built Mosques for their needs in that community
and worship Allah. Moreover mosque indeed is a great example of traditional and long lasting
buildings which civil engineers do best making a strong, stable, and sustainable buildings.
Through our civil engineering study at Prince Mohammed bin Fahd University, as well as taking the
opportunity to apply what we have studied at the university level, we decided to choose the design of
the mosque. We make Comparative Design & Analysis of a Mosque Using Steel and Reinforced
Concrete Elements design and analysis ( figure 1), including calculation of the foundation.
Our project covered by several programs such as Etabs2015, Sap2000, AutoCAD, SkiCiv, LimCon,
and steel connections.
Table of Contents
ACKNWOLDGEMENT – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2
ABSTRACT – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3
Table of Contents – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5
Chapter 1: Introduction – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10
11 General – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10
12 The main objectives for our project are: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11
13 Scope of the report: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11
Chapter 2: Concrete – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12
21 Loads Calculations: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12
211 Types of loads: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12
212 Load parameters and super imposed dead load: – – – – – – – – – – – 14
213 Loads on slabs: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 14
22: Design of slabs – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 15
221 Types of Slab: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 15
222 Steps to Design one way slab: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 17
223 Slab Minimum Thickness: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 17
224 Materials properties: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 17
225 Load Calculation: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 20
226 Flexural Design – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 21
23 Design of beams & sub beams: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 26
27
232 Materials properties: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 27
233 Load calculation for sub beam: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 27
234 Design of sub beams: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 28
235 Calculations of loads for beam: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 39
236 Design of the beam: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 40
24 Design of columns – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 46
241 Classification of columns: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 46
243 Materials properties: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 49
244 Load Calculation: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 49
25 Design of dome – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 52
251 Classification of dome: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 52
252 Calculations of dome: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 53
Chapter 3: Steel – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 59
31 Introduction: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 61
32 Design Information: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 62
321 Applicable Design Codes: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 62
322 Material specifications: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 62
323 Load Combinations: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 63
33 Structural Analysis: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 64
331 Mezzanine floor beam (Girder 2-2): – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 65
332 Roof beam (3DE): – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 70
333 Dome beam (3BD): – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 75
334 Column (2C): – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 80
34 Design: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 82
341 Mezzanine beam design (Girder 2-2): – – – – – – – – – – – – – 83
342 Roof beam design (3DE): – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 92
343 Dome beam design (3BD): – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 101
344 Column design (2C): – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 110
345 ETABS drawings: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 119
35 Connection design: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 125
351 Connection of Mezzanine Floor: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 126
352 Connection of Roof: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 140
Chapter 4: Foundation – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 154
41 Introduction – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 154
42 Isolated foundation – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 154
43 Design of Isolated Foundation: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 155
Appendix – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 162
Appendix A: Analysis & design report using ETABS 2015 – – – – – – – – – 162
Appendix B: Steel design and modeling using ETABS 2015 – – – – – – – – – 182
References – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 253
List of figures
Figure 1 Mosque overview – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4
Figure 2 One way slab; (a) classification; (b) reinforcement – – – – – – – – – – 15
Figure 3 Two way slab – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 16
Figure 4 1st Floor (Mezzanine floor) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 18
Figure 5 Roof Floor – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 19
Figure 6 Force acting on sub-beam & reaction force – – – – – – – – – – – – 29
Figure 7 Shear force – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 29
Figure 8 Bending moment – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 30
Figure 9 Deflection – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 30
Figure 10 (3D) renderer and colored results – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 31
Figure 11 Force acting on sub-beam & reaction force – – – – – – – – – – – – 35
Figure 12 Shear force – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 35
Figure 13 Bending moment – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 36
Figure 14 Deflection – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 36
Figure 15 (3D) renderer and colored results – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 37
Figure 16 Force acting on sub-beam & reaction force – – – – – – – – – – – – 41
Figure 17 Shear force – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 41
Figure 18 Bending moment – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 42
Figure 19 Deflection – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 42
Figure 20 (3D) renderer and colored results – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 43
Figure 21 Cross section for eccentrically loaded column – – – – – – – – – – – 46
Figure 22 Column selected for the sample of calculation is 2C Shown in the Figure – – – – 48
Figure 23 (3D) Dome structural design – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 54
Figure 24 (3D) dome overview design – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 55
Figure 25 Top view for 1st floor (mezzanine) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 56
Figure 26 Side view for 1st floor (mezzanine) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 57
Figure 27 Side view – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 57
Figure 28 Top view for Roof – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 58
Figure 29 Front view – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 58
Figure 30 ETABS 3D drawing – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 64
Figure 31 AutoCAD Drawing, for Grade 2 – Level 7m – – – – – – – – – – – – 65
Figure 32 ETABS drawing, mezzanine floor, Girder 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – 66
Figure 33 Input data from SkyCiv program for mezzanine floor beam – – – – – – – – 67
Figure 34 Output data from SkyCiv program (moment) – – – – – – – – – – – 68
Figure 35 Output data from SkyCiv program (shear) – – – – – – – – – – – – 69
Figure 36 ETABS drawing, Roof, 3DE – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 71
Figure 37 Input data from SkyCiv program for Roof beam – – – – – – – – – – – 72
Figure 38 Output data from SkyCiv program (moment) – – – – – – – – – – – 73
Figure 39 Output data from SkyCiv program (shear) – – – – – – – – – – – – 74
Figure 40 ETABS drawing, Dome Beam (3BD) – – – – – – – – – – – – – 76
Figure 41 Input data from SkyCiv program for Dome beam – – – – – – – – – – 77
Figure 42 Output data from SkyCiv program (moment) – – – – – – – – – – – 78
Figure 43 Output data from SkyCiv program (shear) – – – – – – – – – – – – 79
Figure 44 ETABS drawing, Column 2C – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 81
Figure 45 Steel section properties (HE 500 B) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 88
Figure 46 Steel section properties (HE 400 A) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 97
Figure 47 Steel section properties (IPE 450) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 106
Figure 48 Steel section properties (HE 400 B) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 115
Figure 49 ETABS 3D model – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 119
Figure 50 Side view – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 119
Figure 51 Top view for mezzanine floor – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 120
Figure 52 Top view of sections for mezzanine floor – – – – – – – – – – – – 121
Figure 53 Top view for roof – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 121
Figure 54 Top view of sections for roof – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 122
Figure 55 Steel stress ratio (column) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 123
Figure 56 Steel stress ratio (mezzanine and roof) – – – – – – – – – – – – – 124
Figure 57 Mezzanine Floor plan – Connection – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 126
Figure 58 Roof plan – Connection – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 140
Figure 59 Isolated Foundation – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 154
Figure 60 Foundation thickness and height assumption – – – – – – – – – – – 156
List of Tables
Table 1 Minimum thickness of one-way solid slabs – – – – – – – – – – – – – 17
Table 2 Properties – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 17
Table 3 Design of rectangular beam & sub-beam section for moment (simply supported beam) – 26
Table 4 Properties – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 27
Table 5 Properties – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 49
Table 6 Material specifications – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 62
Table 7 Dead load – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 63
Table 8 Live load – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 63
Table 9 Ultimate load – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 63
Table 10 Mezzanine floor analysis – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 65
Table 11 Structural analysis for girder 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 67
Table 12 Roof analysis for 3DE beam – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 70
Table 13 Structural analysis for 3DE beam – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 72
Table 14 Roof analysis for dome beam – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 75
Table 15 Structural analysis for 3BD beam – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 77
Table 16 Structural analysis for column – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 80
Table 17 Structural analysis for column – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 81
Table 18 Steel section properties (HE 500 B) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 83
Table 19 Steel section properties (HE 400 A) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 92
Table 20 Steel section properties (IPE 450) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 101
Table 21 Steel section properties (HE 400 B) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 110
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