control
ABSTRACT
In this project we are going to construct and implement four-way traffic light or control. The normal function of traffic requires sophisticated control and co-ordination to ensure that traffic moves as smoothly and safely as possible and that pedestrians are protected when they cross the roads. Traffic light, which may also be known as stoplights, traffic lamps, traffic signals, stop-and-go lights, are signaling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian, crossings and other locations to control competing flows of traffic. Traffic lights have been installed in most cities around the world. The assigning the right of way to road users by the use of lights in standard colors (red-yellow-green). Typically cycle, illumination of the green light allows traffic to proceed in the direction denoted. Illumination of the yellow light denoting, if safe to do so, prepare to stop short of the intersection.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Title page
Certification – – – – – – – – i
Dedication – – – – – – – – ii
Acknowledgment – – – – – – – iii
Abstract – – – – – – – – – v
Table of contents – – – – – – – vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction/background – – – – 1
1.1 Aims and objectives of the study – – – 4
1.2 Significance of the study – – – – – 5
1.3 Scope of study – – – – – – – 5
1.4 Statement of problem – – – – – 6
1.5 Limitation of the study – – – – – 6
1.6 Definition of terms – – – – – – 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction – – – – – – – 11
2.1 Types of traffic light – – – – – – 14
2.2 Traffic light controller and coordination – – 17
2.3 Logic family – – – – – – – 18
2.4 Logic gate – – – – – – – – 20
2.5 OR gate – – – – – – – – 21
2.6 AND gate – – – – – – – – 23
2.7 NOT gate (Inverter) – – – – – – 24
2.8 Integrated circuit – – – – – – 27
2.9 Astable multi-vibrator – – – – – 28
2.10 Counters – – – – – – – – 29
2.11 Resistor – – – – – – – 31
2.12 Capacitor – – – – – – – – 33
2.13 Transistor – – – – – – – – 34
2.14 Light emitting diode (LED) – – – – – 36
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.0 Introduction – – – – – – – 37
3.1 System specification – – – – – – 37
3.2 Method of construction – – – – – 39
3.3 System Methodology – – – – – – 39
3.4 Circuit configuration – – – – – – 40
3.5 Clock signal generation – – – – – 40
3.6 Decade counter operation – – – – – 44
3.7 The timer unit – – – – – – – 44
3.8 Traffic light unit – – – – – – 45
3.9 Power supply unit – – – – – – 46
3.10 Materials needed for construction – – – 48
3.11 Packaging and Casing – – – – – 50
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